arrhythmia atrial flutter cryotherapy ARRHYTHMIA Various types of arrhythmias exist depending on what part of the heart is affected and how they originate. The causes of arrhythmia also vary but can generally be divided into two categories: malfunctions in the electrical impulses that cause the heart muscle to beat; or physical problems with the heart, such as atherosclerosis, damage from a heart attack, or congenital heart defects. Lifestyle may also play a role in the development of arrhythmia.